Hemophilia Was Called the Royal Disease Because of Many of the European Royal Families
Haemophilia
Haemophilia acquired the name the royal disease due to the loftier number of descendants of Queen Victoria afflicted by it. The first instance of haemophilia in the British Royal family occurred on the nascence of Prince Leopold on 7th Apr 1853, Leopold was the fourth son and eighth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. No earlier occurrence of the disease in the Royal family unit had been known, information technology is causeless that a mutation occurred in the sperm of the Queen's father, Edward Augustus, Knuckles of Kent.
Victoria and Albert and their eldest five children 
Haemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder. The claret of a haemophiliac cannot coagulate, due to the fact that 1 or more of the plasma proteins required to form a jell is absent or reduced in their blood. The condition is passed on to males through females, who do non manifest the symptoms of the disease themselves. A recessive cistron, it is carried on the sexual female chromosome X . Males possess XY chromosomes and females XX. Since females have two X chromosomes, they are more often than not carriers.
Prince Leopold, Knuckles of Albany (1 on chart), the get-go of Queen Victoria's descendants to suffer from haemophilia was described as a delicate child who remained a abiding source of anxiety to the Queen throughout his life, testify exists that Leopold also suffered mildly from epilepsy, like his thou-nephew Prince John (the youngest son of Male monarch George V). He was starting time diagnosed with haemophilia in 1858 or 1859, Queen Victoria consequently placed restrictions on him, which he chaffed at. He was after created Duke of Albany and married the German language princess, Helena of Waldeck-Pyrmont. Leopold died in 1884 at the age of 31, in the s of France. He suffered a fit, the crusade or the consequence of a fall on some stairs at Cannes, injuring his knee and hitting his caput and died the post-obit morning time, apparently from a cerebral haemorrhage.
Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany 
Leopold was the only 1 of Queen Victoria's haemophiliac descendants to have children, his marriage to Helena of Waldeck produced two children, a daughter, Princess Alice of Albany (four), later to become Countess of Athlone, who was a further carrier of the disease and an unaffected son, built-in posthumously, Charles Edward, afterwards Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Alice was afterwards to become Countess of Athlone and was to prove a carrier of haemophilia. She married Prince Alexander of Teck, the brother of Queen Mary, their son, Rupert Alexander George of Teck. During the First Earth War, when anti-High german feeling was at its height, in conjunction with changing the name of the Royal Firm to Windsor, King George V changed that of the Tecks to Cambridge, (for their maternal ancestor, Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, a son of George 3). Alexander of Teck was made Earl of Athlone and Rupert granted the courtesy title of Viscount Trematon. Viscount Trematon (5) was also a haemophiliac. He died on 15 April 1928 from an intracerebral haemorrhage equally a outcome of a machine crash in France. On i April 1928, Rupert was driving with 2 friends Paris to Lyon. In the course of overtaking another vehicle, his motorcar hit a tree and overturned. He was taken to a nearby hospital with a skull fracture only never recovered and died in hospital.
Through ii of the Queen's daughters, Princess Alice, Yard Duchess of Hesse (2) and Beatrice, Princess of Battenberg (3), both of whom were carriers, the disease was to be spread into many of the Royal Families of Europe.
Tsarevich Alexei 
Princess Alice was married to Prince Louis of Hesse-Darmstadt and gave birth to a haemophiliac son, Frederick of Hesse (half-dozen), (Frederick William August Victor Leopold Louis) known as Frittie in the family unit, in 1870. His haemophilia was start diagnosed in February 1873, a few months before his decease, when he cut his ear and bled for three days. He died very young in 1873, subsequently a fall from a window induced a brain haemorrhage. Tragically, the child bled to death, leaving his mother comfortless. Alice also had an unaffected son, the future Thousand Knuckles Ernest Louis of Hesse and five daughters. Two of the daughters, Irene (7) and Alix of Hesse(8) were in turn, carriers of the haemophilia gene.
Haemophilia appeared in the Prussian Royal family when Alice's tertiary daughter Irene married her first cousin, Prince Henry of Prussia, the second son of Queen Victoria's eldest daughter Victoria, Princess Royal and brother of Kaiser Wilhelm 2. The affliction appeared in two of their sons Princes Waldemar (9) and Henry of Prussia (10). Prince Waldemar died in a clinic in Tutzing, Bavaria during the 2d World War due to a lack of blood transfusion facilities. He and his wife fled before the Russian advance, arriving in Tutzing, Waldemar needed a blood transfusion but the U.S. Army overran the expanse and diverted all available medical resource to care for concentration camp victims, preventing Waldemar's German md from treating him, Waldemar died the post-obit day, on 2 May 1945. His brother Prince Henry died at the age of four on 26 February 1904, from a encephalon haemorrhage, the result of a fall from a chair.
The disease was spread to the Romanov dynasty through the marriage of Alice'due south fourth girl Alix, to Tsar Nicholas Ii, at which she became the Empress Alexandra of Russian federation. The highly attractive Alix had previously refused a proposal from Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale, and heir to the British throne, the eldest son of Bertie, Prince of Wales. Had she accepted, haemophilia could have re-entered the British Regal line. Nicholas had long loved and cherished dreams of marrying Alix, but she turned down his start proposal as she could not bring herself to change her Protestant faith to the Russian Orthodoxy required of a future Tsarina, but afterwards much soul searching, accustomed when Nicholas proposed for a second time.
Alix, who became known as Empress Alexandra, produced iv daughters before giving nascence to their only son, the Tsarevitch Alexis (11), heir to the Russian empire, who was likewise stricken with haemophilia. As with well-nigh mother's of haemophiliacs, Alix was overprotective of her son and worried about him constantly. Through his supposed ability to heal Tsarevich, and Tsarina's confidence in him, Rasputin acquired a fatal influence over the Tsar's decisions which was to atomic number 82 directly to the Russian Revolution. The entire family unit perished at the easily of a Bolshevik firing squad in a cellar at Ekaterinberg on 17th July 1918.
The Queen'southward youngest daughter, Princess Beatrice, fell in love with and married the handsome Prince Henry of Battenberg. The couple produced three sons and a daughter. Two of their sons, Leopold Mountbatten (12) and Maurice, Prince of Battenburg (13) inherited the haemophilia factor from their mother. Maurice was killed whilst engaged in active service in the Ypres Salient during the First World State of war. Leopold (Leopold Arthur Louis) lived to the age of 32, dying during a hip operation in 1922.
Leopold Mountbatten 
Beatrice'south just daughter, Victoria Eugenie of Battenburg (14), known as Ena, was married to King Alfonso XIII of Kingdom of spain and carried the disease into the Royal House of Spain.
Though they did not relish a particularly happy matrimony and Alfonso had many mistresses, the couple produced six children, iv sons and two daughters. 2 of their sons, Alfonso, Prince of the Asturias (15), the heir to Kingdom of spain, and Infante Gonzalo of Espana (sixteen), were affected with haemophilia. Alfonso is reported to have never forgiven his married woman for passing the disease into the Spanish Royal bloodline. Both children were dressed in padded suits to prevent their undergoing knocks which might result in a life-threatening haemorrhage.
Alfonso later renounced his rights to the throne of Spain to marry a commoner, Edelmira Sampedro Ocejo y Robato, after which he took the courtesy championship Count of Covadonga. A auto accident led to his early death in 1938, when he crashed into a telephone booth and appeared to take pocket-sized injuries, simply his haemophilia led to fatal internal bleeding. Another of Victoria Eugenie's sons Juan was the father of Juan Carlos, the nowadays King of Espana's male parent.
In August 1934 the Infante Gonzalo of Spain was spending the summer holidays with his family at the villa of Count Ladislaus Hoyos at Pörtschach am Wörthersee in Austria. The infante Gonzalo died as a result of a traffic accident, he and his sister the Infanta Beatriz were driving from Klagenfurt to Pörtschach. On approaching Krumpendorf, Beatriz, who was driving the vehicle, was forced to swerve to avoid a cyclist, resulting in the automobile beingness crashed into a wall. Since neither Gonzalo nor Beatriz appeared badly hurt, they returned to their villa. Several hours afterward it became clear that Gonzalo had astringent abdominal bleeding and died two days later on. Porphyria in the Royal Family
Source: https://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/haemophilia.html
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